The Invention of the Refrigerator free essay sample

Hello! Today I am going to talk you about the invention of the refrigerator. I chose this topic because I think we all cant imagine our lives without food, so we also cant imagine our lives without the refrigerator. Im going to present you this topic with the help of power point and I really hope that in the end of my presentation you will know something more about refrigerators. The invention of the refrigerator The conveniences we enjoy in our homes are the product of many machines we use every day to make our lives easier. We must be aware that it is only because of dedicated inventors that have spent years of their life, searching of a way to make all this possible. Were talking about machines such as the refrigerator, for example. The idea of a machine that would be able to prevent food spoilage has actually been around for a very long time before the invention of itself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Invention of the Refrigerator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was only in the late 1834 that Jacob Perkins, a young inventor after making a design persuaded John Hague to realize his idea, and like that the first kind of refrigerator was born. Early attempts In the beginning, there were made ice houses   to provide cool storage for most of the year. These ice houses were placed near freshwater lakes or packed with snow and ice during the winter. As we can see in Thomas Jeffersons diary, which chronicles the process of maintaining the ice house at the Monticello Estate, this processes were very complicated. Every winter, Jefferson brought more than 60 wagonloads of ice from the Rivanna River to keep his ice house filled. The ice house was a huge source of trouble, just by the expense of keeping it stocked. While Jefferson was busy keeping his ice house stocked, Benjamin Franklin working with chemist John Hadley in 1758 was leading us to the invention of the refrigerator. They were experimenting with the effects of evaporation using a thermometer. With some methods they were able to drop the thermometers temperature well below freezing. Perkins and his impact In 1834 a young inventor called Jacob Perkins build the worlds first refrigerator and invented a legal patent for refrigeration using vapor-compression. Soon, what was meant to be just an experiment became something fit for commercialization and other inventors tried to develop Perkins patent. In 1856 following Perkins success,  James Harrison, an immigrant from  Scotland   living in  Australia, developed an ice making machine using  ammonia  and an ether compressor. It was used in the meat packing industries of Geelong, Victoria. Few years later, Carl Paul Gottfried Linde, a  German  engineer developed refrigeration and gas separation technologies. Carl Paul Gottfried Linde (better known as Carl von Linde)   was working in the way of develop new refrigeration cycles. In 1892 Lindes research drove into the area of low temperature refrigeration and in 1894 he started work on a process for the liquefaction of air. In his later career Linde began working on a technique to obtain pure oxygen and nitrogen based on the fractional distillation of liquefied air. By 1910 Carls son Friedrich had developed the Linde double-column process, variants of which are still in common use when it comes to air separation in three main gasses: oxygen, nitrogen and argon. CONCLUSION In the 1920s and 30s, consumers were for the first time introduced to freezers – that was the time when the first electric refrigerators with ice cube compartments came on the market. Even so, the mass production of modern refrigerators didnt get started until after World War II. Few decades later when innovations like automatic defrost and automatic ice makers first appeared, it became clear that more energy-efficient refrigerators are needed, if not, there will be a huge environmental damage. The conclusion soon leaded to the elimination of chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration sealed systems and the introduction of energy-efficient refrigerators. Today, the refrigerator is Americas most used appliance, found in more than 99. 5% of American homes. We are all aware that if this invention had never been invented our lives would be much more complicated. For example the food spoilage would be 5 or 6 times quicker. Besides that, we would be still forced to store our food in ice houses. With this conclusion I end my presentation. I hope you enjoyed and thank you for your attention. =)

buy custom Media Law essay

buy custom Media Law essay The purpose of this study is to examine the concept of privacy law as it applies to the field of journalism in UK. This study will focus on recent case studies in UK with an aim of demonstrating how the law relating to privacy affects the work of journalists. Privacy is a situation in which persons confidential information disclosed in a private place is not brought into public because, it can cause either emotional distress or embarrassment to the latter. The right of privacy mainly applies to those people in a place that somebody expects to be private. Example of private places includes hotel rooms, home and telephone booths among others. The privacy law can be applied in situations whereby, a person believes that the massage he or she ought to deriver is private and that it can only be heard by those acting in the presence of law. UK enacted privacy law on 2 October 2000. Several courts in UK enforced the privacy law after several incidents reported by various citizens, initially, the law was referred to as Data protection Act DPA and established purposely to ensure that both private and government agencies use personal data for specific and legitimate aims only. It also allowed people access to their confidential information, provide enough security for personal information, and to hinder the transfer of personal information to destinations lacking data protection laws. As we all know, that journalism is quite a sensitive field of work with regard to privacy law. Media acts as a tool for creating awareness to the public. In most case media focus on most sensitive incidents such as child abuse and neglect among others (Kenyon 2006. P. 14). Placing information in media such as radio and TVs calls for thorough scrutiny about the sources of information, this is to say that, journalists who are the key participants in media face challenges based on the provision of testimonies. In many cases, journalists must testify their sources of information. If it happens that the sources of information may not attributed to the public interest or dviates the law, journalists face charges from the privacy commissioners. Such commissioners do not rely on a complaint because they can carry out an investigation role to determine the level of quilt. The privacy commissioners have the right to decide the amount of money to be paid to the complaint as compensation. The other challenge facing journalists is that privacy law does not limit the amount to be paid. In the process of publicizing personal data or information, journalists should concentrate on useful and reliable information from government sources. In the provided case study, it is true that Jimmy sunshine who was a TV presenter had tempered with Dots privacy. The privacy law states that there is no person supposed to publicize other personal data without their consent. I think Dot should not have consulted Jimmy Sunshine before proceeding to the court because this could not have changed her image in the public. The best thing that Dot could have done is to sue Jimmy sunshine because by so doing that, other presenters will learn how to observe privacy law (Hendrickx, 2003. P. 45) Copyright is among other areas that tend to impose restrictions on the work of journalists. Privacy law tends to protect photography through copyright and moral rights. Private Law restricts Journalists through copyright not to publish certain photographs unless permitted by the authority. In UK, individuals have the right restricting journalists from publicizing photographs with information that should not be disclosed to the public. If the journalists have to take such photos, they should produce permit from the authority because privacy law through copyright safeguard people privacy. Below is an example of two case studies in which privacy law through copyright imposes a restriction on journalists work. Case study 1 in UK: woman in a swimming pool. Dorothy, a 24 years old woman, and a civil servant lives with her two children. In a servant quarter where she lives, there was a swimming pool sharred by all the residents living in within the servant quarters. As Dorothy was swimming one afternoon, a journalist came and captured some photos without the Dorothys consents. The following day Dorothy got shocked to find her photo in the newspaper. In the photo, Dorothy was half way naked, something that irritated her. She talked the matter with her law Daniel who later sued the journalists against privacy. After the hearing, by the privacy commissioners, the commissioner found the journalist guilty and the commissioner ordered the journalist to compensate Dorothy for interfering with her privacy (Bar et.al 2004. P. 67). Case study 2: Esther Edward aged 27 years old and a mother of two was a single woman who was living in community housing. Her landlord Eliud Colin gave her an eviction notice that did not give reason for eviction. The eviction notice did not allow her to address the concern of the landlord. They arrived at an alternative agreement after her lawyer used Victorian Charted to negotiate with Eliud Colin the landlord. Afterwards, Bruno a journalist came and took some photos of Esther and her house. Late that day Esther learnt that the photos taken by the journalist were placed in press against her consent. Later on her lawyer filed a case against the journalist concerning the disclosure of Esthers personal data. The journalist was found quilt by the privacy commissioner, and the commissioner ordered him to pay Esther $10 for compensation. This is to mean that privacy law through copyright imposed restrictions on the work of the journalist, (Great Britain, House of Commons, Parliament, Media and sport c ommittee, 2010. P. 135). Conclusion The above two case studies analyses the rights of privacy to all categories of individuals in UK. The two show how government agencies and private agencies ensure that personal data is made private. Violation of the privacy law is an offence and that a disciplinary action should be taken to all offenders being either journalist or not. Buy custom Media Law essay